![]() Chicken eggs and meat are major sources of animal protein in the Ghanaian diet and their importance cannot be over-emphasized. In Ghana, the poultry industry is an important source of income and sustenance of livelihood for many individuals and families. International Journal of Poultry Science 2003 2(2):153-158.), poultry farming has become foremost among the subsidiary occupations of farmers to supplement their incomes because it assures quick returns, requires minimum space and investment, and can be carried out by ordinary farmers. Comparative economic analysis and constraint in egg production under cage vs. As indicated by Rojendran & Mohanty, (2003 Rojendran K, Mohanty S. Livestock Research for Rural Development 2012 24(10):177.). Poultry production and rural poverty among small-scale farmers in Mzimba district of Malawi. Poultry production is the fastest growing component of global meat production, with developing and transitional countries assuming a leading role ( Assa, 2012 Assa M. Haemagglutination Inhibition test Newcastle Disease Vaccine Kumasi Ghana The presence of ND antibodies in these unvaccinated local chickens and guinea fowls indicated the presence of the virus amongst the rural poultry population, hence aneed for improvement in vaccine campaignand delivery against ND for rural poultry especially with the use of thermostable and improved oral or feed-based vaccine delivery systems. Higher ranges of titers were also observed in chickens from households than those from live bird markets. Significantly higher prevalence rate (p<0.05) was observed with chickens sampled from households compared to those from the live bird market. Comparison was made between the seroprevalence of ND antibodies in household and live bird market as well as between sexes. Results showed 81.8 % (239/292) of local chickens and 24.2 % (37/153) of guinea fowls tested positive for ND antibodies. Sera collected from unvaccinated 292 chickens and 153 guinea fowls randomly selected from households and a live bird market in Kumasi and its environs were evaluated for Newcastle disease virus antibodies. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the level of circulating antibodies against ND using the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) technique. However documented evidence on ND virus activity in rural poultry in Ghana is still lacking. A significant increase in allocation of Federal resources is necessary to respond adequately to drug related activities in the area.Newcastle Disease (ND) has been identified as a major constraint to local poultry production with its impact being felt more in rural poultry production which forms about 80% of Ghana poultry population.Drug-related activities in the area are having a significant harmful impact in the area and in other areas of the country and.State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have committed resources to respond to the drug trafficking problem in the area, thereby indicating a determination to respond aggressively to the problem.The area is a significant center of illegal drug production, manufacturing, importation, or distribution.To qualify for consideration as a HIDTA, an area must meet the following criteria: The 2021 HIDTA annual budget is $290 million. At the local level, the HIDTAs are directed and guided by Executive Boards composed of an equal number of regional Federal and non-Federal (state, local, and tribal) law enforcement leaders. The DEA plays a very active role and has more than 1,500 authorized special agent positions dedicated to the program. Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia. There are currently 33 HIDTAs, and HIDTA-designated counties are located in 50 states, as well as in Puerto Rico, the U.S. This grant program is administered by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program, created by Congress with the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, provides assistance to Federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies operating in areas determined to be critical drug-trafficking regions of the United States.
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